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	<title>Sanjay Kairam &#187; presentation</title>
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		<title>Analyzing Responses to Likert Items</title>
		<link>http://www.sanjaykairam.com/blog/2010/06/analyzing-responses-to-likert-items/</link>
		<comments>http://www.sanjaykairam.com/blog/2010/06/analyzing-responses-to-likert-items/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Jun 2010 22:43:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>skairam</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[/Matter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[analysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[credibility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[likert]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[measurement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[parc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[presentation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[research]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[slideshare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[statistics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wikidashboard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wikipedia]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.sanjaykairam.com/blog/?p=225</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I'm embedding a presentation I gave at a recent "Data Lunch" about how to analyze responses to Likert items. As I am not a stats expert in any respect, I learned a number of things while putting this together - one of the most important is that Likert isn't actually pronounced "Like-ert", it's pronounced "Lick-ert", which is still tough for me to remember to say. Anyways, hope you enjoy, I'll include some summary below as well.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m embedding a presentation I gave at a recent &#8220;Data Lunch&#8221; about how to analyze responses to Likert items. As I am not a stats expert in any respect, I learned a number of things while putting this together &#8211; one of the most important is that Likert isn&#8217;t actually pronounced &#8220;Like-ert&#8221;, <a title="Wikipedia - Likert Scale #Pronounciation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likert_scale#Pronunciation" target="_blank">it&#8217;s pronounced &#8220;Lick-ert&#8221;</a>, which is still tough for me to remember to say. Anyways, hope you enjoy, I&#8217;ll include some summary below as well.</p>
<div id="__ss_4456985" style="width: 425px;"><strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"><a title="Analyzing Responses to Likert Items" href="http://www.slideshare.net/skairam/likert-analysis-blogpost">Analyzing Responses to Likert Items</a></strong><object id="__sse4456985" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="425" height="355" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always" /><param name="src" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=likertanalysis-blogpost-100609172740-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=likert-analysis-blogpost" /><param name="name" value="__sse4456985" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed id="__sse4456985" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="425" height="355" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=likertanalysis-blogpost-100609172740-phpapp02&amp;stripped_title=likert-analysis-blogpost" name="__sse4456985" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></p>
<div style="padding: 5px 0 12px;">View more <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/">presentations</a> from <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/skairam">Sanjay Kairam</a>.</div>
</div>
<p>Here are some brief notes on the presentation (to avoid the inevitable TL;DR comments):</p>
<ul>
<li>Data used was from a study I ran on Mechanical Turk looking at whether the tool <a title="WikiDashboard - Home" href="http://wikidashboard.parc.com" target="_blank">WikiDashboard</a> helps people to make different judgments about the credibility of Wikipedia articles.</li>
<li>Participants placed in 1 of 3 conditions: (<strong>WO</strong> = Wiki Only, <strong>WH</strong> = Wiki + the History Page, <strong>WD</strong> = Wiki + WikiDashboard)</li>
<li>Articles varied with respect to presumed quality and presumed controversy.</li>
<li>Using non-parametric tests was fairly straightforward, but none were all that powerful (able to help find interaction effects &#8211; one main hope of the study would be to find an interaction between <strong>group</strong> and <strong>quality</strong>).</li>
</ul>
<p>Anyways, this presentation is not supposed to be an expert statistics guide &#8211; rather, it represents the results of my research in trying to solve this problem (again, I&#8217;m very much not a statistics expert). There are surely many other ways to address the problem, and I would appreciate hearing from others who have tried attacking Likert items for their studies. I am continuing to analyze the data and may post some results in the near future.</p>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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		<title>A MTurk Exploration of Activity Stream Usage</title>
		<link>http://www.sanjaykairam.com/blog/2009/06/a-mturk-exploration-of-activity-stream-usage/</link>
		<comments>http://www.sanjaykairam.com/blog/2009/06/a-mturk-exploration-of-activity-stream-usage/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2009 23:02:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>skairam</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[/Matter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[activity streams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[facebook]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[friendfeed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mechanical turk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mturk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[news feeds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[presentation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[research]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[twitter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://sanjaykairam.com/blog/?p=51</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[These are some slides from a presentation I gave on some Mechanical Turk data I collected about how people are using Activity Streams.  Specifically, I was interested in what tools people were using, what they were using them for, how these tools might be improved, and how people had been using these tools to collaborate/coordinate.  Here's what I found...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>These are some slides from a presentation I gave on some Mechanical Turk data I collected about how people are using Activity Streams (also called News Feeds).  Specifically, I was interested in what tools people were using, what they were using them for, how these tools might be improved, and how people had been using these tools to collaborate/coordinate.  Here&#8217;s what I found:</p>
<div id="__ss_1588047" style="width: 425px; text-align: left;"><a style="font:14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;margin:12px 0 3px 0;text-decoration:underline;" title="An Exploration of Activity Stream Usage via Mechanical Turk" href="http://www.slideshare.net/skairam/an-exploration-of-activity-stream-usage-via-mechanical-turk?type=presentation">An Exploration of Activity Stream Usage via Mechanical Turk</a><object width="425" height="355" data="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=parcactivitystreamsmturksurveypresentation-090615165608-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=an-exploration-of-activity-stream-usage-via-mechanical-turk" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always" /><param name="src" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=parcactivitystreamsmturksurveypresentation-090615165608-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=an-exploration-of-activity-stream-usage-via-mechanical-turk" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /></object></p>
<div style="font-size: 11px; font-family: tahoma,arial; height: 26px; padding-top: 2px;">View more <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/">PDF documents</a> from <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="http://www.slideshare.net/skairam">Sanjay Kairam</a>.</div>
</div>
<p>The data collected and the major points were fairly straightforward:</p>
<p><strong>Participant Demographics:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Age:</strong> Mean = 25.6, SD = 8.0</li>
<li><strong>Education:</strong> Almost all were mid-college or post-college (and about 1/6 post-graduate study).</li>
<li><strong>Usage:</strong> Most (56/78) reported specifically personal usage, and only 2 subjects reported specifically professional usage (14 indicated both, however).</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Tools Used:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Vast majority listed <strong>Facebook</strong> (61/78) &#8211; this was unsurprising (also, Facebook Stream listed as first example of an &#8220;activity stream&#8221; in survey instructions.)</li>
<li>Wide <strong>Twitter</strong> usage (41/78) was surprising, however.  Past experiencing with polling for Twitter-related topics on MTurk had resulted in low yield.  Perhaps this is due to the crazy upswing in Twitter sign-ups over the past few months?</li>
<li>Other than <strong>MySpace</strong> (16/78), tools such as LinkedIn, Yammer, FriendFeed, and others were barely listed, indicating either that these tools are not widely used or that people do not consider some of these to be activity streams.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Functions Served:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Note:</strong> These responses were loosely categorized by me &#8211; this was not intended to be a rigorous academic study, but rather a glimpse into usage of these tools.</li>
<li><strong>Status</strong>(33/78), <strong>Communication</strong>(32/78), and <strong>Information</strong>(19/78) were listed as the most common functions served.</li>
<li>Responses also demonstrated a wide variety of usage, however, including some less anticipated uses such as <strong>Journaling</strong>.  Perhaps this speaks somewhat to the flexibility of these tools and the ability that users have to adapt them to their own needs.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Feature Requests / Improvements:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>These are exact quotes from participants (again, loosely grouped into categories by me &#8211; no cross-coding was done).</li>
</ul>
<p>As you can see, the &#8220;Summary&#8221; was really just a reminder about what people said regarding potential improvements, but I thought this was really the most interesting part.  It&#8217;s interesting that most of the things that people asked for were things that are either available or which could be easily made available by new activity stream client applications, so there may be a lot of low-hanging fruit out there for application developers.</p>
<p>I&#8217;d be curious to see if any of you has done (or seen) similar research regarding Twitter, Facebook, or other activity streams (whether on MTurk or otherwise) and if you found similar or different trends.  If you are interested in clarification, more details, or discussion about any of the points brought up here, the comments section awaits.</p>
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